Identity Negotiation in the Context of International Migration : The Case of Moroccan-Origin Youth in Belgium
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21268995Keywords:
international migration, identity, youth, negotiationAbstract
This paper examines the impact of the international migration experience on the process of identity formation among youth of Moroccan origin—the children and grandchildren of Moroccan immigrants in Belgium—conceived as a negotiated identity arising from the interaction between the "original" cultural heritage transmitted across generations, on the one hand, and the socioeconomic challenges and integration difficulties within the host society, on the other. These youth confront dual cultural influences that compel them to seek a balance between the social roles and cultural expectations associated with their country of origin and those linked to their country of birth and settlement—a situation that draws them into psycho-social negotiations throughout the process of constructing or reconstructing their cultural identities. The paper employs a theoretical framework grounded in Identity Negotiation Theory, and Social Identity and Self-Categorization Theory. Methodologically, it draws on the tools and techniques afforded by both quantitative and qualitative approaches for the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, with the aim of uncovering the strategies of negotiation surrounding the religious and national identity of youth of Moroccan origin in Belgium.
References
الصديقي، س. (2007). الهجرة العالمية وقوق المواطنة. السياسة الدولية، 43 (168)، 22-31.
حاسين، ي. (2025). مفهوم الجيل في دراسات الهجرة: مراجعة نقدية. مجلة البحث في العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية، 2 (12)، 217-239.
دوبار، ك. (2008). أزمة الهويات: تفسير تحول. المكتبة الشرقية.
معلوف، أ. (2015). الهويات القاتلة. دار الفرابي.
Aron, R. (1974). Is Multinational Citizenship Possible? https://philpapers.org/rec/AROIMC
Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, Thomas. (1966). The social construction of reality : a treatise in the sociology of knowledge. 219.
Bourdieu, P. (1980). L’identité et la représentation. Actes de La Recherche En Sciences Sociales, 35(1), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.3406/ARSS.1980.2100
Brubaker, R., & Cooper, F. (2000). Beyond “identity.” Theory and Society, 29(1), 1–47. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007068714468/METRICS
Chimienti, M., Guichard, E., Bolzman, C., & Le Goff, J.-M. (2021). How can we categorise ‘nationality’ and ‘second generation’ in surveys without (re)producing stigmatisation? Comparative Migration Studies, 9(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-021-00237-1
Collie, P., Kindon, S., Liu, J., & Podsiadlowski, A. (2010). Mindful identity negotiations: The acculturation of young Assyrian women in New Zealand. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34(3), 208–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJINTREL.2009.08.002
Davis, B. J. (2008). International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 2nd edition (W. A. J. Darity, Ed.; 2nd ed., Vol. 3). Macmillan.
Elias, N. (2001). Society of Individuals. 264. https://books.google.com/books/about/Society_of_Individuals.html?hl=fr&id=fVa0IfxJb5oC
Frank, C., Nicolas, P., Bernadette, R., & Bernadette Devenir Belge, R. (2016). Devenir Belge. Histoire de l’acquisition de la nationalité belge depuis 1830. 273. http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/226785
Giddens, A. (1991). Giddens, A. (1991) Modernity and self-identity. 1–264. https://books.google.com/books/about/Modernity_and_Self_Identity.html?id=Jujn_YrD6DsC
Goffman E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group. https://archive.org/details/elshandawily0227
Goffman, E. (1964). Stigma; Notes On The Management Of Spoiled Identity. JASON ARONSON, NEW YORK, N.Y., (147 p.) $US 7.50. https://doi.org/10.2307/2575995
Harwood, J. (2020). Social Identity Theory. The International Encyclopedia of Media Psychology, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119011071.IEMP0153
Henry, T., & John, T. (1986). social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S.Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7–24). Nelson Hall.
Hogg, M. A., & Terry, D. J. (2000). Social Identity and Self-Categorization Processes in Organizational Contexts. In Source: The Academy of Management Review (Vol. 25, Issue 1). https://about.jstor.org/terms
Hornsey, M. J. (2008). Social Identity Theory and Self-categorization Theory: A Historical Review. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(1), 204–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00066.x
Mazzellla, S. (2021). Sociologie des migrations. Sociologie Des Migrations, 69–95. https://shs.cairn.info/sociologie-des-migrations--9782715407268
Portes, A., & Zhou, M. (1993). The New Second Generation: Segmented Assimilation and its Variants. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 530(1), 74–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716293530001006.
Saaf, A., Sidi Hida, B., & Aghbal, A. (2009). Belgo-Marocains des deux rives: Une identité multiple en évolution.
Sindic, D., & Condor, S. (2014). Social Identity Theory and Self-Categorisation Theory. In The Palgrave Handbook of Global Political Psychology (pp. 39–54). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-29118-9_3
Swann Jr., W. B., Johnson, R. E., & Bosson, J. K. (2009). Identity negotiation at work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 29, 81–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2009.06.005
Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Social categorization and intergroup behaviour. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1(2), 149–178. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420010202
Ting Toomey, S. (2005). Identity negotiation theory: Crossing cultural boundaries. In Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp. 211–230). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Ting-toomey, S. (1999). Transcultural Communication Competence. Communicating across Cultures, 310. https://books.google.com/books/about/Communicating_Across_Cultures.html?hl=fr&id=m6CYCNs29iwC
Ting-Toomey, S. (2015). Identity Negotiation Theory. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Intercultural Competence, 419–423. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483346267
Zhou, M. (1997). Segmented assimilation: Issues, controversies, and recent research on the new second generation. International Migration Review, 31(4), 975–1008. https://doi.org/10.2307/2547421
Zibouh, F. (2023). Des Marocains de Belgique aux Belgo-Marocains Etat des lieux de la première communauté d’origine étrangère en Belgique (2021). In M. Berriane (Ed.), Marocains de l’Extérieur.
Zygmunt, B. (2000). Liquid Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 AFAQ RESEARCH HORIZONS

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
تُنشر جميع الأبحاث في مجلة آفاق بحثية متعددة التخصصات في العلوم الاجتماعية والإنسانية بموجب رخصة المشاع الإبداعي نسب المصنف 4.0 دولي (CC BY 4.0).
وتسمح هذه الرخصة بما يلي:
-
نسخ العمل وإعادة توزيعه بأي وسيلة أو صيغة.
-
تعديل العمل أو تطويره أو البناء عليه.
-
استخدام العمل لأغراض غير تجارية أو تجارية.
وذلك شريطة:
-
الإشارة الواضحة إلى اسم المؤلف/المؤلفين.
-
ذكر اسم المجلة كمصدر للنشر الأصلي.
-
إدراج رابط الرخصة.
-
بيان ما إذا تم إجراء أي تعديلات على العمل.
-
عدم الإيحاء بوجود تأييد من المجلة أو المؤلف لأي استخدام لاحق.
تظل حقوق النسبة الأدبية محفوظة للمؤلفين وفق القوانين المعمول بها.